Sunday, 28 February 2016

Innovation to Improve Remote Financial Services: Lessons from Somalia


This week the Government announced the establishment of an advisory committee on financial technology to help make Australia the leading market for financial technology – or FinTech – in the Asia Pacific region.

The Committee has a membership of apparently well qualified individuals involved in the development of the financial technology sector, but no-one with any obvious background in remote issues.

As the Government’s media release makes clear, the main game is in mainstream Australia as financial services is the largest sector of our economy, employing around 450,000 people and contributing over $140 billion to the economy last financial year.

Nevertheless, it is worth reflecting on the potential implications for remote Australia, where market failure in the provision of financial services is endemic, and the concomitant consequences for remote citizens, particularly the 120,000 Indigenous remote citizens are substantial. For a Government which includes ‘economic development’ as one of the two major elements in its Indigenous affairs policy narrative, the desirability of exploring the potential for greater innovation in the provision of remote financial services should be a ‘no-brainer’.

Of course, the Commonwealth is rolling out pilots for the cashless welfare card in the East Kimberley and Ceduna regions, and is exploring a third regional centre. Refer my previous blog post on this topic.

It is already clear that the Government is prepared to support the introduction of new technology in remote communities. Minister Scullion recently announced Commonwealth assistance for the introduction of CCTV into Aurukun, a community with an extremely troubled history of violence and dysfunction.

The National Broadband Network is being rolled out nationally, and while there have been criticisms that the proposed satellite based services to the 7 percent of Australian citizens resident in remote regions will be less effective than the fibre based services in urban and regional Australia, it does seem likely that services will improve in remote Australia post roll-out.

Telstra has been active in engaging with Indigenous issues, and has a range of initiatives which it is pursuing with potential application for improving financial services in remote regions. In particular, the funding of an Indigenous Digital Excellence Hub at the National Centre for Indigenous Excellence in Redfern has terrific potential and appears to be a first for Indigenous Australia. Nevertheless, Telstra’s focus appears to be still focussed on traditional phone based services rather that expanding mobile use into the financial services sector. Its initiatives to date are thus relatively modest and might best be characterised as prescient and far-sighted first steps.

In contrast, one can get a sense of the potential gains from innovation by considering developments in Somalia, a nation which has been a failed state for the best part of the last two decades. Recent media coverage suggests that Somalia is rapidly moving to a cashless society, based on extensive use of mobile phone platforms to replace cash transactions and associated traditional banking services. A report on the role of remittances in the Somali financial sector by Oxfam USA confirms the growing importance of mobile platforms.

The emergence of these innovative solutions in Somalia and other parts of Africa is clearly a response to necessity, and builds on the widespread up-take of mobile technology over the past decade.

We have seen in recent years a similar uptake in mobile usage amongst remote Indigenous communities, particularly amongst younger residents. And clearly, banks are increasingly making access to their services available to mobile phone users. Yet to date, there appears to be little indication that the banks and telecommunications sectors are facilitating the use of mobile technology to underpin widespread improvements to access to financial and banking services amongst remote community residents. The reason for this is partially structural – the remote market is miniscule compared to mainstream markets, and the particular needs of remote citizens, particularly remote Indigenous citizens, are not widely advocated. This is a small, but crucial market failure.

Given the theoretical rationale for Government support of innovation rests almost entirely on the existence of spillovers or externalities which lead to market failure, there is certainly a case for the Government and its new Fintech Advisory Committee to consider further what might be done to improve access to financial services for remote citizens.

Perhaps this is an issue which the Prime Minister’s Indigenous Advisory Council might usefully take up?

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